Resumen

GUNDERMANN KROLL, Hans. THE NATIVE PEOPLES OF NORTHERN CHILE AND THE STATE. Diálogo Andino [online]. 2018, n.55, pp.93-109. ISSN 0719-2681.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-26812018000100093.

The article proposes a synthesis of the modern historical relationship between indigenous groups in the north of the country and the Chilean State, emphasizing its particularities in opposition to other originary groups. This specificity stems from the preeminence of the national definitions of belonging inside the social groups that exist in this vast region annexed by Chile, since the end of the 19th century. Consequently, this also stems from the state policies and relationship practices according to the terms mentioned above, this means: the condition of national or foreign person. The assimilation processes of foreigners (as a matter of fact, natives of the area), is called “chilenización” and were carried out according to the principle of ascription. The adjective of “indio” was applied to segments of Peruvian and Bolivian people of the Andean region, expressing with it not ethnic differences but the lack of civilization and progress of the members of those nationalities. Here we present an historical account that deals with transformations in the relations between the State and indigenous peoples. First, the integration of foreign populations in the regional geographical margins (1879-1961).Second, a period marked by integration actions, development and a geopolitical interest in the Andean border joined to an incipient perception of the cultural differences of its population (1961-1993). And finally, one of ethnic recognition in the enactment of Law No. 19.253 in 1993, which identifies Aymara, atacameño, Quechua and, later, Coya and Diaguita ethnic groups.

Palabras clave : Indigenous groups; North of Chile; public politics; recognition..

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