Resumen

VEGA, Javier et al. Thoracic aortic aneurysm: Natural history, diagnosis and management. Rev Chil Cardiol [online]. 2014, vol.33, n.2, pp.127-135. ISSN 0718-8560.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-85602014000200007.

Aneurysms are defined as a localized dilatation caused by a weakness in the arterial wall. and may be classified as true or false aneurysm. The incidence is estimated to be 6-10 cases per 100,000 patient years. Aneurysms of the ascending aorta are the most common within the group of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). These often result from cystic medial degeneration, which tends to be associated with other pathologic entities. Aneurysms are diagnosed most commonly on imaging studies performed for an unrelated indication. Although its natural history remains unclear, it is known that current average growth is about 0.1 cm per year. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are the preferred imaging tests to detect aortic aneurysms. Measures aimed to reduce atherosclerosis risk are the main treatment objective for patients with smaller aneurysms that do not require surgery. When ascending aortic aneurysms meet the size criteria or coronary revascularization and aortic valvular replacement are necessary, surgical treatment it's recommended. For aortic arch aneurysms, there are three therapeutic alternatives: surgery, endovascular therapy and combined therapy. For descending aortic aneurysms, endovascular therapy is the preferred procedure. Patients with no indication for surgical or endovascular therapy, should be followed up with serial imaging studies.

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