Resumen

GUERRA R, José René et al. Factores de riesgo para alteraciones de la densidad mineral ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. [online]. 2015, vol.80, n.5, pp.385-393. ISSN 0717-7526.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75262015000500006.

Aim: To determine risk factors for presenting alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women attending the consultation of Menopause and Menopause Maternity "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza", Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: A descriptive research with non-experimental and transactional design where was evaluated BMD and risk factors for developing osteoporosis in 60 postmenopausal women. Results: The BMD measurement was averaged in 957.45 ± 149.95 and 905.00 ± 151.25 grams; with T indexes of -0.52 ± 1.66 and -0.55 ± 2.67 in spine and femoral neck, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 10% and 5%, while osteopenia was 43.3% and 50% in spine and femur, respectively. Surgical menopause (OR [95% CI] = 4.75 [1.58 to 14.25]; p=0.004); excessive coffee consumption (OR [95% CI] = 3.20 [1,40- 7.10 1]; p=0.000) or gaseous beverages (OR [95% CI] = 2.50 [1.18 to 5.60]; p=0.002); smoking (OR [95% CI] = 1.70 [1.10 to 2.80]; p=0.013) and the absence of supplemental calcium plus vitamin D (OR [95% CI] = 1.70 [1.00 to 2.80]; p=0.019) were be factors significantly associated with the diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteopenia (p<0.05). Conclusion: The evaluated postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of abnormal BMD, especially osteopenia, and risk factors for developing osteoporosis.

Palabras clave : Bone mineral density; risk factors; menopause; osteoporosis; osteopenia.

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