Resumen

ARAYA ESPINOZA, ALEJANDRA. EL CASTIGO FÍSICO: EL CUERPO COMO REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA PERSONA, UN CAPÍTULO EN LA HISTORIA DELA OCCIDENTALIZACIÓN DE AMÉRICA, SIGLOS XVI-XVIII. Historia (Santiago) [online]. 2006, vol.39, n.2, pp.349-367. ISSN 0717-7194.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-71942006000200001.

This work centres on two gradual processes that in spite of not being chronologically consecutive are necessarily joined: the penalty of the physical punishment like a judicial sentence and the privatization of the mortification of the body, or the step of the external constraint to the auto-constraint. Both topics allow to understand the modernity as process of privatization of the body from the gestures of "ennoblement of the body" and of "pity for the body ". For this purpose, we will check the debates on the physical punishment as significant element of the process of "occidentalización" of America, from the judicial speeches referred to distressing sentences in the colonial penal system and the debate on the corporal mortification in the religious area. The theoretical and methodological line centres on the history of the mentalities and of the body following the offers of David Le Breton, Mary Douglas, Norbert Elias, René Girard and Serge Gruzinski

Palabras clave : colonial age; history of the body; history of the mentalities; physical punishment.

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