Resumo

VARO, Francisco. Anthropological and ethical elements in the criminal law of the Hebrew Bible. Rev. estud. hist.-juríd. [online]. 2020, n.42, pp.67-93. ISSN 0716-5455.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-54552020000100067.

A technical approach to the legal texts in the Hebrew Bible evidences the presence of relevant elements concerning the theory of crime, such as the accuracy in describing conducts, considering intentional fault, negligence, the existence of aggravating or mitigating circumstances or the responsibility for the actions. The analysis of the different sanctions identified in the Hebrew Bible and the grounds for them by the texts, helps to clarify the sense of the criminal sanction. The priority of human values above economic assets and the awareness of individual responsibility, which are noteworthy considering the historic context in which these texts were drafted, is observed all through the biblical legislation. Finally, the philosophical and cultural grounds underlying the great legal codes in the Torah emerged as a novelty at the time and have left their imprint in the legal configuration of the Western world.

Palavras-chave : Theory of crime; Criminal law; Hebrew Bible; Covenant Code; Deuteronomic Code; Law of Holiness.

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