<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0718-1337</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad de Tarapacá]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Ing. - Univ. Tarapacá]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0718-1337</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de TarapacáFacultad de Ingeniería]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0718-13372006000100010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4067/S0718-13372006000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[EVALUATION OF ACCELERATION OF ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRONS DUE TO HIGH POWER HF TRANSMISSION TO EARTH IONOSPHERE]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[EVALUACION DE LA ACELERACION DE ELECTRONES DE LA ATMOSFERA DEBIDO A TRANSMISION HACIA LA IONOSFERA TERRESTRE DE HF DE ALTA POTENCIA]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gusev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pugacheva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Taubaté  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[SP ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Maria ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São José dos Campos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0718-13372006000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0718-13372006000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0718-13372006000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Es posible que, países meridionales del hemisferio, desarrollen juntos un programa científico dirigido a estudiar las propiedades y el comportamiento de la ionosfera, basado en la radiación de alta potencia de HF transmitida desde la tierra. El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en el conocimiento de las propiedades físicas y eléctricas del plasma de la ionosfera de la Tierra, que puede afectar principalmente a los sistemas de comunicación, navegación y cambio climático. Se describen las instalaciones de los instrumentos necesarios para la investigación en el hemisferio sur y también los cálculos del plasma para la Antártica (EACF). Los elementos principales para investigar la ionosfera consisten en un poderoso sistema transmisor de HF, que puede usarse temporalmente para excitar un área limitada de la ionosfera para los estudios científicos. La pregunta es: ¿cuál es la mayor energía alcanzada por electrones de la ionosfera acelerados por radiación electromagnética de un poderoso transmisor de HF?]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[It should be possible, for countries in the southern hemisphere, to develop a joint scientific program aimed at studying the properties and behavior of the Earth's ionosphere, based on terrestrial HF power transmitted radiation. The goal of this work is to further acquire knowledge about the physical and electrical properties of the Earth's ionosphere (plasma), which are of particular importance, since they can affect communication and navigation systems and climate changes. Required research instruments for the southern hemisphere measurements and also plasma calculations for Antarctica (EACF) are described. The main facilities research apparatus consists of a high power HF transmitter that can be used to temporarily excite a limited area of the Earth's ionosphere for scientific studies. The question addressed in this work is: What is the maximum energy attained by ionosphere electrons accelerated by electromagnetic wave radiation from a ground based high power HF transmitter?]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Física del plasma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[electrones de ionosfera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transmisor de alta frecuencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antenas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[campos electromagnéticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plasma physics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ionosphere electrons]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HF transmitter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antennas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electromagnetic fields]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <table width="100%"  border="0">   <tr valign="top">      <td width="3%">&nbsp;</td>     <td width="94%">    <p><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Rev.          Fac. Ing. - Univ. Tarapac&aacute;, vol. 14 No. 1, 2006, pp. 90-94</font>            <p align="center"><strong><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">EVALUATION          OF ACCELERATION OF ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRONS DUE TO HIGH POWER HF TRANSMISSION          TO EARTH IONOSPHERE</font></strong></span>    <br>             <br>         <font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>EVALUACION          DE LA ACELERACION DE ELECTRONES DE LA ATMOSFERA DEBIDO A TRANSMISION HACIA          LA IONOSFERA TERRESTRE DE HF DE ALTA POTENCIA</strong></font>    <br>         </span>            <p align="left" ><b><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I.M. Martin</font></b><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><sup><a href="#ref01">1</a>,<a href="#ref03">3</a>&nbsp;          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</sup>A.A. Gusev<SUP><a href="#ref02">2</a></SUP>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;          G.I. Pugacheva<sup><a href="#ref02">2</a></sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;          M.F.Viegas<SUP><a href="#ref03">3</a></SUP>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;          D.V. Ferreira<SUP><a href="#ref03">3</a></SUP> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;          C. Otani<sup><a href="#ref03">3</a></sup></b> </font>           <p align=left ><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a name="REF01"></a>1 UNITAU, Universidade          de Taubat&eacute;, SP, Brazil.</font></p>       <font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span ><a name="REF02"></a>2 INPE, Instituto Nacional de        Pesquisas Espaciais, Santa Maria, Brazil.    <br>           <br>       <a name="REF03"></a>3 ITA, Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Aeron&aacute;utica,        S&atilde;o Jos&eacute; dos Campos, Brazil.</span></font>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> <hr size="1" noshade>       <font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>    <br>       <font size="2">RESUMEN</span></font></strong></font><b>    <br>           <br>       </b><span ><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Es posible que, pa&iacute;ses meridionales del        hemisferio, desarrollen juntos un programa cient&iacute;fico dirigido a        estudiar las propiedades y el comportamiento de la ionosfera, basado en        la radiaci&oacute;n de alta potencia de HF transmitida desde la tierra.        El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en el conocimiento de las propiedades        f&iacute;sicas y el&eacute;ctricas del plasma de la ionosfera de la Tierra,        que puede afectar principalmente a los sistemas de comunicaci&oacute;n,        navegaci&oacute;n y cambio clim&aacute;tico. Se describen las instalaciones        de los instrumentos necesarios para la investigaci&oacute;n en el hemisferio        sur y tambi&eacute;n los c&aacute;lculos del plasma para la Ant&aacute;rtica        (EACF). Los elementos principales para investigar la ionosfera consisten        en un poderoso sistema transmisor de HF, que puede usarse temporalmente        para excitar un &aacute;rea limitada de la ionosfera para los estudios cient&iacute;ficos.        La pregunta es: &iquest;cu&aacute;l es la mayor energ&iacute;a alcanzada        por electrones de la ionosfera acelerados por radiaci&oacute;n electromagn&eacute;tica        de un poderoso transmisor de HF&#63;    <br>           <br>       Palabras clave: F&iacute;sica del plasma, electrones de ionosfera, transmisor        de alta frecuencia, antenas, campos electromagn&eacute;ticos.</font></span><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">    <br>           <br>       <strong>ABSTRACT</strong>    <br>       </span>           <br>       It should be possible,&nbsp; for countries in the southern hemisphere, to        develop a joint scientific program aimed at studying the properties and        behavior of&nbsp; the&nbsp; Earth&#39;s ionosphere, based on terrestrial        HF power transmitted radiation. The goal of this work is to further acquire        knowledge about the physical and electrical properties of the Earth's ionosphere        (plasma), which are of particular importance, since they can affect communication        and navigation systems and climate changes. Required research instruments        for the southern hemisphere measurements and also plasma calculations for        Antarctica (EACF) are described. The main facilities research apparatus        consists of a high power HF transmitter that can be used to temporarily        excite a limited area of the Earth&#39;s ionosphere for scientific studies.        The question addressed in this work is: What is the maximum energy attained        by ionosphere electrons accelerated by electromagnetic wave radiation from        a ground based high power HF transmitter&#63;    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>           <br>       Keywords: Plasma physics, ionosphere electrons, HF transmitter, antennas,        electromagnetic fields.    <br></span>       </font> <hr size="1" noshade>     <br>       <b>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS    <br></span>           <br>       </b><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The authors are indebted to the ITA-IEEF for supporting        this research and CNPq (Proc. 303511/03-6, Proc. 505756/03-0).</font>    <br>       </span>    <br>       <b>REFERENCES</span>    <br>           <!-- ref --><br>       </b><span ><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">&#91;1&#93;&nbsp;J. Emaire, M. Roth, J. Wisemberg,        J. I. Vette. &#34;Development of Improved Models of the Earth&#39;s Radiation        Environment&#34;. Institute D&#39;Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique, Belgique.        1989.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scieloOrg/php/reflinks.php?refpid=S0718-1337200600010001000001&pid=S0718-13372006000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');"></a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>           <!-- ref --><br>       &#91;2&#93;&nbsp;N. G. Basov. &#34;Cosmic Rays in the Stratosphere and in        Near Space&#34;. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Moscow, USSR. 1976.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scieloOrg/php/reflinks.php?refpid=S0718-1337200600010001000002&pid=S0718-13372006000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');"></a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>           <!-- ref --><br>       &#91;3&#93;&nbsp;C.E. McIlwain. &#34;Coordinates for Mapping the Distribution        of Magnetically Trapped Particles&#34;. Journal Geophysical Research. USA.        Vol. 66, pp. 3681-3691. 1961.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scieloOrg/php/reflinks.php?refpid=S0718-1337200600010001000003&pid=S0718-13372006000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');"></a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>           <!-- ref --><br>       &#91;4&#93;&nbsp;I. M. Martin, D. B. Rai, J. M. Da Costa, R. Palmeira and        N. B. Trivedi. &#34;Enhanced Electron Precipitation in Brazilian Magnetic        Anomaly Region&#34;. Nature. England. Vol. 240. Fasc. 100, pp. 84-86. 1973.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scieloOrg/php/reflinks.php?refpid=S0718-1337200600010001000004&pid=S0718-13372006000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');"></a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>           <!-- ref --><br>       &#91;5&#93;&nbsp;I. M. Martin, D. B. Rai, R. A. Palmeira, N. B. Trivedi,        J. M. Costa. &#34;Enhanced low-energy gamma-rays at balloon altitudes in        Brazilian Magnetic Anomaly region&#34;. Nature. England. Vol. 252. Fasc.        5478, pp. 25-27. 1974.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scieloOrg/php/reflinks.php?refpid=S0718-1337200600010001000005&pid=S0718-13372006000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');"></a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>           <!-- ref --><br>       &#91;6&#93;&nbsp;I. M. Martin. &#34;Measurements and calculations of charged        particles and X-rays fluxes in stratosphere of Brazilian Magnetic Anomaly        region&#34;. Master of Science Thesis. ITA. Brazil. 1968.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scieloOrg/php/reflinks.php?refpid=S0718-1337200600010001000006&pid=S0718-13372006000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');"></a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><br>       </font></span> <hr size="1" noshade> <font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><span >    <br>       Recibido el 1 de abril de 2005, Aceptado el 19 de octubre de 2005</span>        </font> </td>     <td width="3%">&nbsp;</td>   </tr> </table>      ]]></body><back>
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</article>
