Scielo RSS http://www.scielo.cl/rss.php?pid=0718-272420120004&lang=en vol. 7 num. 4 lang. en http://www.scielo.cl/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://www.scielo.cl http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en The availability of a huge number of studies about the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for predicting consumer’s acceptance and usage of innovations in points of sale motivates writing of the present. Review, with emphasis on the new variables integrated in the traditional model. This is concerned with a synthesis of the current progresses in the field, thus offering a unified view of consumers’ behaviour towards new technical solutions. Such synthesis is achieved from an extensive literature analysis, including computer science, innovation, human-computer interaction, and technology management perspectives. For each case, both opportunities and issues are outlined in order to advance the current knowledge and highlight what practitioners and scholars should take into account for developing new and efficient corporate strategies. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en New product development (NPD) projects are typically managed through a series of screens, or gates, where ideas compete for resources. Ideas are carved into projects, and these projects are reviewed, and approved or terminated through the screening process so that only the best performing projects continue to subsequent stages of design, development and testing, and are released into the market place (Krishnan and Ulrich 2001; Terwiesch and Ulrich 2009). Most large innovative organizations deal with more than one NPD project at a time and typically engage in product pipeline management (PPM), where a set of active projects are evaluated together while they traverse through a sequence of such screens. Key decisions in a R&D pipeline are: screen thresholds, complexity of projects, resource allocation and capacity adjustment biases. We explore the impact of structural and behavioral aspects of these decisions through a simulation based analysis of a pharmaceutical dataset. Results establish concave relationships between value created at the end of pipeline and the resource allocation and complexity allocation biases, indicating optimizability and a limit for front loading practices. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400003&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en While several large retailers have mandated RFID deployment across their value chains, the case for RFID adoption in retail still remains uncertain. This paper aims at providing a realistic perspective of the immense potential of RFID, taking adoption drivers, potential benefits, and implementation challenges into account. In this paper, a mixed methodological approach is used that caters to the exploratory nature of the work to quantitatively analyze RFID adoption drivers, benefits, and implementation challenges. First content analysis is applied to analyze academic and trade articles to come up with key issues and concepts. The results from the content analysis acted as input for a Delphi study which is the second methodology. The combined results from the two methods provide deep insights and enhance understanding of important implementation issues related to RFID adoption in the retail sector and also aid in drawing meaningful managerial conclusions. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400004&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Technological changes afforded a development in the agricultural productivity, making use of less resources and producing more out of it. Aiming to analyze if the boundaries the firm (soy producer) were altered due to technological changes (GMO soy). The evolution of soy production was compared and related to: the use of credit loans for covering costs; the amount of contracts related to rural loans; and the area for farming soy using rural credit. The results confirm the “Penrosian” conceptual, that the decreasing incomes may be overcome by the firm’s capacity to adapt its structure to new production conditions. So, it is possible to state that soy producer in Brazil were benefited with the opportunities brought about by the technological economy. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en This article analyzes the effect that innovation with high social benefit has on financial performance, and to improve our understanding of this effect we extend our research by analyzing the effect of being an innovation leader has on financial performance. We intend to give insight about which innovation strategy impacts with more intensity on financial performance. To support this analysis we will make use of the resource-based view theory and the institutional theory. Our research used the panel data technique. The final sample contains 2025 observations for 418 firms. The results of this research demonstrate that there is a negative and significant effect between innovation with high social benefit and financial performance, highlighting the importance of the involvement of governmental and non-governmental institutions to create an incentive for firms to incur in innovative activities that produce social benefits. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en The ability to generate innovations and capture the rents from innovation are important for firms’ competitive advantage. Increasingly firms seek knowledge abundant locations, or industry clusters, to access novel knowledge and generate innovations through knowledge recombinations (Schumpeter, 1934). We examine how different types of clusters impact on the innovation output, the knowledge flows among the clustered firms and, ultimately, on who captures the rents from innovation. The type of cluster reflects the configuration of firms and the interactions among firms, individuals and agencies in the cluster and is likely to be a major driver of both the innovative output and of which firms will be more likely to capture the rents from innovation. Extant research has noted that the social and business networks binding firms in clusters are excellent vehicles for the flow of knowledge that eases innovations, but different types of clusters may lead to different outcomes. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400007&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Among the array of innovative ICTs (information and communication technologies), radio frequency identification technology (RFID) can be considered as a major innovation with the potential to offer many new opportunities for construction companies to improve communication, facilitate teamwork, improve information management skills, and encourage greater cross-fertilization between business processes. Empirical results point to the need of the four participating firms to overcome several procurement issues and bottlenecks in order to gain more substantial competitive advantages and consistently satisfy project owners throughout the entire procurement cycle. An RFID system has the potential to improve real-time document and material tracking and control. But, more importantly, findings suggest that RFID improves the management, sharing, and transfer of knowledge and fosters collaboration through integrated document management, prompt issue management, risk management and efficient decision making. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400008&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en The purpose of this research is to relate competitiveness through productivity on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with the level of quality that these companies are and the market segment they serve. The methodology used was a multiple case study using questionnaires and systematic observations in SMEs. Results showed that the quality of the companies surveyed is determined by the market segment in which they operate. Quality management is based on the end customer and the view of entrepreneurs look beyond the premises of their companies. The importance of this research is to relate the market segment with the quality level used in SMEs, a strategy required for the current competitiveness. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en The objective of this study is to assess the critical factors which influence adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMTs) and identify hurdles and barriers which prevent small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from accomplishing the desired goals of AMTs utilization. The proposed framework has synthesized previous studies and integrated related studies through conducting a comprehensive literature review. This paper is a theoretical construction that synthesizes previous studies, and centers on three contexts (Environmental, Organizational, and Technological) which influence adoption of AMTs. This model can provide managers with practical solutions through granting in-depth understanding of whole internal, external, and technological environments, and awarding empirical insight into overcoming barriers to the adoption and implementation of AMT and other process innovations in manufacturing organizations. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Technology transfer is the complete, enabling disclosure of advancement in Science and technology, sufficient for its unfettered use and improvement. Universities and institutions of high end research and learning are the focus of such knowledge economy. University- industry partnerships in the field of Science and technology are complex and develop through a large number of mechanisms. The protection and the licensing mechanism of Intellectual property rights at such institutions are the focus of attention of the policy makers at all levels, including the Parliament, wherein a bill has been passed recently, PFIP Bill,2010, which emulates the technology commercialization at US University through Bayh Dole Act. A detailed commercialization process has been evaluated and the success of such technology transfer analysis and commercialization has been reviewed with reference to controlling parameters and revenue being generated. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400011&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Purpose: The present research seeks to understand to what extent companies in emerging countries, specifically, Brazilian, adopt dominant management practices, the so-called Euro-American practices, possess their one, or show a syncretism between the two. Methods: Mixed research. One phase was to collect data using a survey about cultural dimensions adopted from GLOBE (House 1998) management practices and also from Brazilian academy. Another was to collect data through interviews, which were analyzed in parallel. Results: Of the seven dominant cultural dimensions, indigenous practices influenced two. Another three were influenced by dominant management practices. Two of the local dimensions, even with internationalization, merged practices with Brazilian cultural traits. Even so, the practices derived from Jeitinho diminished relative to the international relations and experience of managers. Conclusions: The paper shows the existence of powerful Brazilian Indigenous Managerial Practices such as personalism and formalism. These practices have great influence on international business negotiations. On the other hand, it also shows that there are still dominant managerial practices specially in the case of more internationalized Brazilian managers. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400012&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en This paper analyzes the regulatory framework in the public funds of the National Innovation System in Chile regarding diffusion and access to scientific and technological data. The results show several failures in the innovation regulatory framework. Concerning data diffusion, most funds do not clearly define who should carry out the diffusion activities, do not promote sufficiently the diffusion of non-confidential information and show little interest in defining and planning diffusion activities. Regarding data sharing, it should be clearly specified the means in which R+D+i data and process are to be delivered. In addition, open access requirements to researchers present serious deficiencies, while compliance of commitments, although show better results, should further improve. El artículo analiza el marco normativo, en materia de difusión y acceso a datos e información científica y tecnológica, de los fondos públicos enmarcados en el Sistema Nacional de Innovación chileno. Los resultados muestran la existencia de carencias en la normativa. En materia de difusión de información, la mayoría de los fondos no definen al responsable de llevar a cabo dichas actividades, no resguardan significativamente el derecho a difundir la información no confidencial, y dejan la definición y planificación de actividades de difusión como temas pendientes. Por su par te, en el intercambio de datos, la definición del sopor te y/o formato de los productos y procesos resultantes de las actividades de I+D+i presenta espacios para la mejora de resultados. Asimismo, las condiciones de acceso a la información a otros investigadores muestra serias carencias, mientras que los incentivos al cumplimiento de los compromisos contraídos, a pesar de mostrar mejores resultados, deberían presentar un mayor esfuerzo normativo. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400013&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en The Porter´s value chain model was introduced for strategic business purposes. During the last decades also Universities and University based institutes have started to use actions similar to private business concepts. A University based institute is not independent actor like company but there are interest groups who are expecting them to act like they would be. This article discusses about the possibility of utilize tuned value chain to public research organizations (PRO). Also the interactions of tuned value chain model to existing industrial network are discussed. The case study object is the Centre for Separation Technology (CST) at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) in Finland. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27242012000400014&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en The article discusses the challenges of teaching Intellectual Property (IP) in the University of Campinas (Unicamp, Brazil), with reference to the data obtained from a large survey and analysis of the disciplines offered in the undergraduate, graduate and university extension courses, and interviews with professors responsible for these courses and disciplines. The results indicate that although Unicamp has a prominent role in promoting innovation, occupying the second position in the ranking of the largest depositors of patent applications in Brazil, the teaching of the subject in the institution still relies on individual initiatives of the professors themselves, being exclusively dependent on the interest and skills of these individuals rather than a more general orientation of the university. The discussion closes with some observations as to how education and training in IP could be improved, in an attempt to convert them into instruments conducive to the promotion of innovation within nations.